Power PCB Board Design of The Whole Process

The details of PCB Process

Power came in, and a first filter capacitor, capacitor from filtering out, giving back device. Because PCB is above the line but not the ideal conductor, the existence of resistance and inductance is not the same. The multilayer pcb design is also the same as this. If the filter capacitor in front of alternating current, ripple will be larger, the filtering effect is not good. A condition of wide line will do fine, not a sharp corner chamfer, nor with rectangular. The ground should be wide, preferably using a large area of copper, and the docking sites have improved considerably. The capacitor is switching device (gate) or other filter / decoupling components and of the setting, the capacitor arrangement should be as close as possible to these components, was too far away to no effect.

Multilayer PCB board

The AC power line, the fuse prior to the two line of the minimum safety distance is not less than 6MM, and two lines and the casing or machine grounding safety distance is not less than 8MM.When the fuse wiring requirements: zero, the minimum creepage distance is not less than 3MM.Zone of high pressure and low pressure area minimum creepage distance is not less than 8MM, less than 8MM or equal to 8MM. To open 2MM safety groove and multilayer pcb board. High pressure area must have high voltage warning logo screen printing, namely the exclamation point, triangle symbol; high pressure area must use the silk screen frame, frame silkscreen shall be not less than 3MM.High voltage rectifier filter between positive and negative minimum safety distance of not less than 2MM

Component layout and wiring

Component layout and wiring on the product life, stability, EMC have great influence, and it should pay special attention to the local. In general, there should be some of the following principles: first place and structure of the fixed position of the components, such as power outlets, lights, switches, connectors and the like, these devices are placed after the software used on the LOCK function of the lock, so that will not be mistaken for mobile. Put line special elements and components, such as a heating element, transformer, and IC etc. The last placed small device. Pay attention to heat, but also special attention problem of heat dissipation component layout. For high power circuit, should be those heating elements such as power tube, transformer to pull over scattered placed, easy heat dissipation, not concentrated in one place, and it is also not a high capacitance too close to the electrolyte of premature aging. After the completion of wiring, have to do is to text, individual components, walk the line to do some adjustments and copper. This work should not be too early, otherwise it will affect the speed, and to give the wiring trouble.

www.pcb-pcba.cn is a professional PCB and PCBA manufacturer in china. They have been manufacturing PCB and offer assembly services with component supplying for client around the world over 10 years. Now they have got a great reputation in PCBs industry.

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Broad Prospects of Electrical Test Equipment Industry

The Importance of Electrical Testers

The electrical instruments are mainly including electronic measuring instruments and electronic appliances. And it is used to measure by using electronic technology, as the observation instruments, devices and systems of the power non-electricity, or for measurement purposes and the supply of light, electricity, and measurement accessories. The measurements include data acquisition, storage, display, printing, graphics, and processing and transmission are information products. We may say so that, without electronic test instruments to show their talents, we will not be able to access to mobile phones, computers, and even cars cannot run, the spacecraft never expect to fly into the heaven. Electrical test equipment is including signal sources, spectrum analyzer, oscilloscopes and optical transmission analyzer. And it is widely used in mobile communications, data transmission, IT networking, aerospace, automotive electronics, consumer electronics and other fields.

Characteristics of Electrical Test Equipment

Electrical test equipment has three characteristics: First, it is expensive. Electrical test equipment at least costs hundreds or hundreds of thousands or even millions, corporate procurement costs will be very huge, the tying up funds are more. Followed by is the few users are less. For example, users of large-scale impact test equipment are just a few nationwide. Tend to the country, but also a few only. Test instrument manufacturers often order patterns in order to reduce the risk and cost, production, direct marketing. Third, because the test instrument production orders and production cycle is long, long lead times, companies really need to have to long waiting time of delivery, the impact of corporate R & D, production efficiency. Because of the above characteristics of electronic test equipment, in the developed countries and the market economy of more mature areas, the application market of electronic test equipment is commonly used by leasing model. The leasing model is better to play to the advantages of electronic test equipment, and void its disadvantages to a large extend.

Types and Range of Electrical Tester

Basic instrument and general instrument: such as the digital multimeters, power supplies, function generators, counters; RF and microwave instruments and systems: spectrum analyzers, network analyzers, signal generators, power meters, noise figure analyzer; oscilloscope, logic analyzer and digital test: oscilloscope, logic analyzer, simulation trace port analyzer, BERT; test and measurement software and connectivity; test and measurement accessories, flexibility tester, cabinets, cables: cabinets, cables, probes, test vehicle, shelves suite.

www.electricaltest.cn is a high-tech private enterprise which integrates the R & D. manufacturing and consulting service of cable wires (accord to IEC, UL, CSA, GB, BS) test equipments, electrical test equipment and accessories, and home appliance test equipments. If you are interested in our products, welcome to have a visit to our page, will never let you down!

This article is come from:http://www.mobilesaccessories.net/index.php/broad-prospects-of-electrical-test-equipment-industry.htm

DVD Player Maintenance Common Sense

Six preventions for DVD player maintenance

1. Shockproof
Although some brands of DVD players have good shockproof performance, but the majority of DVD players are not suitable for use in vibration. When being used, the DVD player must be placed smoothly, which cannot often be moved or collided and impacted, in order to avoid vibration. It should be handled gently with care when transporting, so as not to affect the machine components.

2. Dust-proof
DVD machine parts are high precision, if the dust enters the machine, the parts will not work properly, or even to cause damage and other serious fault. So, the China dvd player should be placed in a clean environment, and to take appropriate dust control measures.

3. Cold-proof
At low temperatures in winter and spring, placing the DVD player in the door, window and other windward places is bound to make the DVD player to be stimulated by cold.

4. Heat-resistant
DVD player is feared of cold and hot. It’s best to be placed in a cool, well-ventilated place, which should not be exposed to direct sunlight and near stoves, heaters and other heat sources. Do not put dvd players wholesale on the amplifier and regulator, and it should be avoided to being placed in the carpets, sofas and mattresses, etc. to facilitate the machine heat dissipation.

5. Moisture-proof
It is easy to make bald fuzzy if the DVD player is damp, then the laser beam does not pick up the signal. In particular, it must be noted that when the climate is humid or hot and cold suddenly changes, it will produce dew drops or mist in the machine. Then we should let the DVD player to be powered and warm a few minutes, then place the disc to play. Usually the machine surrounding should be kept dry, in case of wet weather such as the rainy season, you should always boot to get rid of the moisture.

6. Anti-poor quality discs
They make laser devices work overload, which will not only shorten the life of the laser devices and easily damage laser devices. As a result, the loss outweighs the gain.

www.chinadvdplayer.com is one of the modern high-tech large private enterprises is committed to induction cooker, DVD and other household electrical appliances and hardware fittings of research and development, production, sales and service.

If you are interested in our products, please feel free to contact us!

This article is come from:http://www.kitchencabinet8.com/index.php/dvd-player-maintenance-common-sense.htm

Application of Wiring Harness in Automotive Industry

What is Wiring Harness

The harness is a flexible tool that can meet the needs of different walks of life. However, it was found to be used for the group of special vehicles in the automotive industry for special purposes. Harness used in the automotive industry is a long-lasting solution, with the nature of the high-temperature capability and toughness. These varieties of automotive wiring harness have precise size, in various automotive manufacturing a broad range of needs.

Automotive Wire Harness

Lots of manufacturers deal with this harness a variety of industry standards to ensure that they comply with you as a customer should only them, to ensure safety. The best part is that they can be like the requirements and specifications of the different color-coded according to the user such as custom and standard automotive wire harness.

All varieties of high-end automotive wiring harness, multi-purpose applications. They used for the ignition system, battery cable, AC, etc. in the car. Most of the manufacturers harness the finest materials. They also manufacture various stages of rigorous testing to ensure that no defective harness. These types of harness used for all types of vehicles, such as cars, commercial vehicles, two wheelers and three-wheelers, utility vehicles, agricultural, material handling equipment and route vehicles.

Harness all of the automotive industry is designed to provide uninterrupted service under extreme conditions, it can withstand heavy loads. In addition to the standard bus wiring harness, automotive wiring harness, four / two-wheeled vehicle with the harness special varieties.

Application of Automotive Wiring Harness

In various application areas, automotive wiring harness needs including power windows, horn relay and connector, dimmer switch connector, power door locks, headlights, reversing lights, ignition switch connector, speaker, cigarette lighter, engine fan, walkie-talkie battery breaker, wipers, brake lights, and so on. The harness is easy to install and cost-effective solution for a variety of demand for electricity on the car. At their request, these types of seat belts in three different varieties, industrial automotive high level and standard wiring harness.

Most of the manufacturers supplying harness also maintain the stock of other power tools, such as an extension cord, power cord, and any electrical or electronic equipment. These locks plug the ultimate security, because you do not want to risk the lives of your loved ones.

www.china-wireharness.com, the private medium-sized wiring harness manufacturer, offers a wide range of wires and cables, including wire harnesses, USB cable, HDMI cable, flat cable, ribbon cable and so on.

This article is come from:http://www.storage-battery.com/index.php/application-of-wiring-harness-in-automotive-industry.htm

About The USB Hub

USB hub introduction

The USB hub is a special kind of repeaters, as a plurality of network switching equipment, because several sets of line can be cascaded together. Intelligent hub can also be used for network management, routing and network function integrated in. The usb hub is the smallest unit of network management, is the local area network star type connection point. It goes to the workstation for centralized management, not out of problem section affect the normal operation of the network.

LAN hub introduction

LAN hub is the most widely used connecting device, at present according to the configuration forms can be divided into separate hub, modular and stackable hub three hubs. Intelligent hub improved general hub weakness, increased bridging ability, can filter out does not belong to their own network frame (similar to the bridge), increase the network bandwidth, and network management capabilities and automatic detection port connecting PC card speed capability, the current intelligent hub for a large number of switched lan. The market often see is 10M, 100M or 10M/100M rate (1000M hub for Gigabit Ethernet hub has been available).Hub connection should be considered by the use of the network transmission medium, the general hub should have BNC and RJ-45 two interface or BNC, RJ-45 and AUI three interface. Hub interface number usually have 8, 12, 16 wait for a few kinds of.

The active USB hub

The active USB hub is intended to central or multiway intersection. The current production hub vendors about as many as 150, the market competition is fierce. The user will be a good chance. A user can select from a number of products with high performance / price ratio of products, on the other hand, it can obtain better service. The early hub is usually to optimize network wiring structure, simplify the network management as the goal and design. Now the usb hub with high performance is in multi function and intelligent design goals. This design not only has the traditional hub will be more nodes converges with the ability, and adopts the modular structure and it can be selected by each kind of module. The module supports the transmission media, and media connection, communication protocol, almost everything is contained therein. This, to a variety of network technology into a device within the enclosure, sometimes called super hub, more people will be called concentrator. However, this does not mean that the concentrator can replace the traditional hub. The concentrator needs chassis, power supply and connection of various module backplane and interconnection. If your network is working group types, involving only a few nodes of the network, obviously, in this case using concentrator will is a waste.

This article is come from:http://www.chinaphoneparts.com/index.php/about-the-usb-hub.htm

China's CNC Mold Industry Development Characteristics

Development Gap of China's CNC Mold Industry

Over the years, China's mold industry contingent has been greatly developed, but compared with the developed countries of Europe and the United States in many respects, there is still a large gap, mainly shows in: irrational corporate structure. State-owned components are heavy, more than half of the mold manufacturers is a tool and die factory (company), workshop, production for own mold. In recent years, private and joint-stock mold enterprises get fast development, despite the development, but far from meeting the needs of the market. Large, sophisticated, complex, long-life and high-end mold design level is poor, many advanced CNC cut promotion and application of the technology is not wide enough. Mold specialization, commercialization, market-oriented and the degree of standardization is low.

China's CNC Mold Industry Characteristics

First, a high level of auto mold manufacturing. Some die in car cover mold design, manufacturing reached the international advanced level in the domestic leading position. Second, precision CNC machining manufacturing ability is strong. Third, the mold research and development ability is strong. Carry out mold education and training in excellent condition. Large number of key institutions, to carry out the beginning of the operatives to a master's degree from the mold, advanced education and training, and training all kinds of professionals for the mold industry. Fifth, mold construction projects are various.

International CNC Mould Industrial Park is Ready

With the rapid development in the past two years, China's auto industry has already entered the ranks of big scale with the annual output value of 1000 billion RMB. In the Tunkou Development Zone, cars get together on related companies have more than 180, cluster led to the development of the whole industry, and other domestic automobile industry base, engine, gearbox, axles and other core parts enterprises is very rare. Today, the zone is vigorously promoting the industry. From a regional industrial development speed and related industries in the region upstream mold development speed ratio of 100:1, enough to see the close relationship of the industrial development and mold industry. "Mold the level of R & D can control the speed of development of the industry." China Mould Association and vice president Li Jianhua said the number of large enterprises is too little. Abroad, generally new products launched into the market need five years, mold products started R&D earlier, while in China, the upgrading is slow. According to reports, the state government has met the industry seminars to discuss the revitalization of China's mold industry, the government is expected 80 -10000 million annual investment of funds, to attract investment, and to build the "mold International Industrial Park.

www.front-panel.net is a professional manufacturer of front panels, stickers, display filter lenses, screen cover lenses, touch panels, control panels, overlay panels, logo, nameplates, plexiglass print and cut, CNC parts, insulation sheets and other plastic sheets. Welcome to have a visit to our website!

This article is come from:http://www.chinaphoneparts.com/index.php/chinas-cnc-mold-industry-development-characteristics.htm

Basic Components of the Surge Protector

What is a Surge Protector?

Surge protection device is generally composed of two gap rods exposed to the air separated by certain distance, wherein the power supply phase of a metal rod is connected with a desired protection equipment line L1 or zero is connected to the line (N), and another metal rod and the ground wire (PE) is connected, when the transient overvoltage hit the gap breakdown, part of the over-voltage charge enter the earth to avoid the protected equipment voltage rises. Such a discharge gap distance between the two metal rods can be adjusted according to needs, the structure is relatively simple, and the drawback is the arc extinguishing performance is poor. Surge protection device is widely used in mobile communication base station, the Microwave Communications Authority (station), telecommunications room, plant, civil aviation, finance, securities and other DC power system protection.

MOV Varistor

The varistor is a metal oxide semiconductor non-linear resistor used the ZnO as a main component, when the voltage acting on it reaches a certain value, and then the resistance is very sensitive to the voltage. It works the equivalent of multiple semiconductor PN series and parallel. Chip varistor is characterized by non-linear characteristics (I = CUα the nonlinear coefficient α), flow capacity (to 2KA/cm2), normal leakage current (10-7 to 10-6A), residual depression (depending on the operating voltage of the varistor and the through-flow capacity), response time (~ 10-8s), freewheeling transient overvoltage. Varistor main technical parameters: pressure-sensitive voltage (i.e. switching voltage) UN Reference voltage Ulma; residual voltage Ures; residual voltage ratio K (K = Ures / UN); maximum through-flow capacity Imax; leakage current; Response Time. Maximum reference voltage varistor should be determined by the withstand voltage of the protection of electronic equipment, varistor residual depression is lower than the protected electronic equipment and loss voltage levels.

Gas Discharge Tube in the Surge Protector

The gas discharge tube is consisted of in the glass tube or ceramic tube away from one another a pair of cold cathode plate package filled with an inert gas (Ar). In order to improve the probability of triggering of the discharge tube, there is also discharge trigger agent in the electric tube. This inflatable discharge tube is diode-based and three-pole type, the main technical parameters of the gas discharge tube are: DC discharge voltage Udc; impulse discharge voltage Up (Up in the general case ≈ (2 to 3) Udc; power frequency withstand current In; impulse withstand current Ip; the electrode capacitance insulation resistance R (> 109Ω); interelectrode capacitance (1-5PF). The gas discharge tubes can used in DC and AC conditions.

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This article is come from:http://cell.battery-products.com/surge-protection-device/basic-components-of-the-surge-protector.htm

Comprehensive Selection Manual for Computer Case

Composition and function of computer case

You might think that the purchase of the computer case has no skills at all, as long as the style is good and the price is cheap, then it is enough. But the fact is not the case, a good computer case should not only be novel in style, but also have good performance in quality. The computer case can play a role of supporting various components of the host to make them safe work from outside influence. The first thing is that you have to understand the structure of the computer case. The Custom PC Case generally includes several parts: the shell, the computer case used for the fixed motherboard, power supply and drive bracket, panels also have necessary switches, lights and so on. To choose a good computer case, you must consider from the following aspects.

Shape

Many friends attach great importance to its shape in the selection of the computer case, which has some truth, but bearing in mind that even if the computer case has very "cool" appearance, you also need to consider the overall collocation with the display appearance. An imitation iMacthe translucent computer case should be coupled with the translucent design display. General cube design white computer case accompanied the white display will have a more earthy feel; otherwise it will give people the feeling of being nondescript.

Types

From the appearance, the computer case can be divided into vertical and horizontal. In fact, the two computer case have no essential difference, only the ventilation cooling capacity of the vertical computer case is slightly better, which is a good choice for people who use the computer to work for a long time. Horizontal computer case is easy installation and maintenance operations, and there are a variety of small or thin styles to choose from. In order to better heat dissipation, and the need for future upgrades, you should choose a larger computer case, in general, it should be left at least two 3.5 inches and three 5.25 inches on the panel. Please note that unless you are very concerned about the space occupied by the computer case itself, otherwise because being difficult to add more devices, the computer case with too small volume should not be chosen.

Materials

The outside of the computer case is usually constituted by a layer of 1 mm steel plate, and there is a thin layer of zinc plating. The internal stent is mainly constructed by aluminum alloy bars. The outer layer material of a quality computer case should be thick and the surface is smooth, which also has the ability to withstand a certain pressure. Also note that whether the computer case layer and the inner edge of the stand incision are smooth, some poor quality computer case made by rough work is easy to scratch hand. Power supply The power supply is an important part of the computer case, and is responsible for the whole energy supply. Corresponding with the computer case architecture, the power supply is also divided into AT and ATX two types, among which ATX power supply can directly provide 3.3VI / O voltage needed by motherboard, while AT power supply has only 5V and 12V output, because ATX power does not completely interrupt after shutdown, so the computer will be able to achieve a soft boot, MODEM wake function. As regards to the power of the power supply, you can generally choose about 450W ATX Power Supply. Please note that poor power quality failure may lead to damage to the motherboard, CPU, Memory, hard drives and other expensive parts, when such a tragedy happens, vendors will not accept any responsibility for other accessories other than the loss of power. Therefore, for the security of the whole machine, it is recommended to spend some money to choose a reliable quality computer case power.

En.goldenfield.com.cn has been dedicated to developing and producing computer peripherals - PC Case, Switching Power Supply, Multimedia Speakers, Mouse and Keyboard, etc. If you are interested in our products, please feel free to contact us!

This article is come from:http://www.mobilesaccessories.net/index.php/comprehensive-selection-manual-for-computer-case.htm

China Fiber Optic Cable Usher in Fast Development Period

Global Fiber Industry Status over the Past Decade

In 2002, the global telecommunications industry entered a period of adjustment, the global fiber market demand declined significantly, and the demand dropped from 110 million core km in 2001 to approximately 60 million core km in 2002, which is the first time of negative growth in 20 years in the global fiber industry, and the global fiber industry more than a decade of severe excess leads to capacity expanding. Although China's domestic demand remains relatively stable, but due to the dumping large quantities of domestic manufacturers, and mutual sales of foreign manufacturers to the Chinese market, the entire domestic fiber industry has found itself in the unprecedented "winter". However, since 2009, the multiple positive factors to the development of optical fiber industry in China bring major opportunities for production of optical fiber splicer.

China's Rapid Development of Optical Fiber Industry

With the implementation of the infrastructure construction, high-performance fiber-optic cable will be ushered in the height of the development. In recent years, along with the tide of electrified railways and high-speed passenger dedicated line construction, as well as the national implementation of the policy of "fiber to the home" incentives, the entire fiber optic cable industry has been steadily moving along with their implementation. At present, China's high-speed railway construction is in a high-speed development period, the requirements also will improve the signal transmission medium, while the fiber optics connector occupies a major position in the modern fiber optic transmission. And at the same time, consecutive years of local seasonal extreme weather on the quality of fiber optic cables put forward higher requirements for to reduce lightning signal equipment.

Network-building Drives Development of Fiber Optic Industry

In fact, not only in the field of high-speed railway, China's three major network operators, in order to cope will the faster and faster speed Internet access, to make its network into a new network of fiber-optic technology, is also one of significant role in promoting its fiber-optic cable industry chains. In fact, many people have see the business opportunity that the influence of network building on fiber optic cable. According to the research, under many factors of FTTH alternative to 3G, 4G deployment of optical fiber aging replacement, the domestic fiber demand is expected to grow by 30% in 2012, the total annual demand is 128 million kilometers, and the total supply is 123 million kilometers. From the next few years, from China's network and infrastructure construction point of view, the optical fiber industry is in a rapid development stage, the prospects for the industry as a whole will be better.

www.fiber-optic-patchcords.com is a high-tech enterprise professionally specialized in R & D, manufacture and sales of fiber optic passive and active components for many years. If you are interested in our products, welcome to visit our website!

This article is come from:http://www.chinaphoneparts.com/index.php/china-fiber-optic-cable-usher-in-fast-development-period.htm

Pros and Cons of CCTV Camera

What is CCTV Camera?

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras can produce images or recordings for surveillance purposes, and can be either video cameras, or digital stills cameras. Marie Van Brittan Brown was the inventor of the CCTV camera. Video cameras are either analogue or digital, which means that they work on the basis of sending analogue or digital signals to a storage device such as a video tape recorder, security dvr recorder or desktop computer or laptop computer. CCTV surveillance systems really help people with monitoring and investigating, building a safe environment for the people care about.

Pros of CCTV

There are many people who believe we can’t have enough CCTV cameras to ensure our safety; If you have nothing to hide then you have nothing to fear” they will tell you. There are just as many people who are against the wide-spread use of CCTV and who believe that the use of surveillance cameras has now gone too far. CCTV is an active weapon in public safety. Every weekend in the UK, CCTV products direct police to public disturbances or to help people in distress. They have also helped to prevent more serious crimes by monitoring vulnerable people walking alone late at night who are, unknown to them, being followed. Cases like these, where the police are deployed and potentially terrible crimes are prevented, help to highlight the use of CCTV security cameras as a wonderful tool and an effective way to protect the public. When it comes to retail loss prevention, CCTV surveillance systems security stands out on top of the list. It really helps retailers with monitoring & investigating unfaithful employees, trip & fall scams, cash management, inventory, management, robbery etc. For example, mobile digital video recorder is convenient to use, realizing 24 hours monitoring, anytime and anywhere.

Cons of CCTV

Along with the increased amount of cameras in public places, CCTV security cameras are now being used in the work place to monitor staff. This is to enable management to record how long staffs are taking for their breaks and if they are doing anything that could be considered inappropriate. This is often seen as an infringement of civil liberties, especially as there is the possibility that, depending where management place the cameras, they could abuse their power. The use and prevalence of CCTV is an ongoing debate which will continue to rage as more and more cameras appear on our streets and in our workplaces.

www.dvr-securitysystem.com is a professional high-tech enterprise in vehicle security products in China. We are specialized in R&D, manufacturing and marketing of SD card Mobile DVR, hard drive DVR, 3G/GPS/GPRS/WIFI Mobile DVR, GPS tracker and CCTV camera.

This article is come from:http://www.dvr-securitysystem.com/News/125.htm

Global Base Station Antenna Market Situation and Future Development

Rapid Development of Base Station Antenna

Base station antenna, as one of the core equipment to achieve the mobile communication network, is an important part of the mobile communication system, along with the progress of the mobile communications industry to achieve rapid development for quite a long time and will continue to maintain a rapid growth. In developed countries, with the growth of 3G, the popularity of mobile broadband access and smart phones, netbooks, portable notebook, the frequency will be used for 3G and mobile broadband access services, developed countries need to continue to increase the expansion of communication networks. At the same time, the emerging market countries, such as India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Africa, Latin America, Asia, some countries in the regions, is in the stage of building a network of large-scale mobile communication networks, network optimization and upgrade their trend of the future development of which provides a broad market space for the development of mobile communication equipment industry. This will promote the global communications market in a long time in the future to maintain the high growth rate, and also to protect the wifi antenna market demand of the industry's continued growth.



The Multi-antenna MIMO Technology

MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put) system is the one used in the core technology of 802.11n. 802.11n is the IEEE following the 802.11b \ a \ g new wireless LAN technology, the speed can be up to 600Mbps. At the same time, the proprietary MIMO technology can improve the performance of existing 802.11a/b/g network. MIMO technology has a high spectral efficiency, but also it provides space diversity and can significantly improve the performance of the wireless link. The MIMO technology ultimate goal is to solve the system capacity, improve spectral efficiency. MIMO by utilizing a plurality of parabolic wifi antenna to improve the data transfer speed without increasing the band width of the case, to achieve a high spectral efficiency, and simultaneously extend the communication distance by virtue of the spatial diversity gain. The implementation of the multi-antenna MIMO technology relates to the feedback of the channel state information, TDD, because of the downlink channel using the same frequency, it can use the upper and lower rows of channel reciprocity, to implement more flexible. WCDMA and CDMA2000 will move toward the FDD-LTE, and the FDD-LTE multi-antenna technology will also be used.

Global Base Station Antenna Market Expands

In the global market size of the base station antenna equipment, base station antenna accounts proportion is approximately 2.8% to 4%, as the global 3G network construction and even the launching of 4G network construction, as well as the promotion of LTE and MIMO technology application, the number of base station antenna and will gradually increase the proportion of the value. In 2008, global market size of the base station antenna is $ 1.14 billion, and it is expected to grow to $ 1.99 billion in 2012, in 2013, the global market size of the base station antenna is expected to be $ 2.36 billion.

www.chinaantennas.com is a leading company with the longest history of manufacturing antenna and antenna accessories in China. It has 25-year experience in this area. We concentrate on researching, designing, producing and selling indoor and outdoor antennas including wifi antenna, LTE antenna, dual band antenna, VHF antenna, etc. Welcome to visit our website!

This article is come from:http://www.chinaphoneparts.com/index.php/global-base-station-antenna-market-situation-and-future-development.htm

Knowledge about Decorative LED Lamps

The certification requirements of decorative fixtures

Festive decorative lamps can be divided into two categories, decorative light string and decorative style lamps. Decorative light string includes indoor incandescent light strings, outdoor incandescent light string, indoor LED string lights and outdoor 7 inch led downlights light strings. While decorative styling lights includes the indoor modeling lights and outdoor modeling lights.



Requirements for the festive decorative lamps

For these two types of products, the certification requirements are different. In general, decorative light string can be certificated with flower shell. Compared to indoor products, in the testing and certification, the certification agent would be more concerned about the anti freezing shocks, waterproof and leakage of the outdoor festival decorative lights to avoid causing threat to the personal safety of users. SAA LED downlight is a hot market. The power consumption of the traditional decorative lamp is large and the gloss is not distinctive, while LED decorative lamps are energy-efficient with high brightness and durable characteristics, is the development trend of the future. More and more manufacturers are beginning to pay attention to the production of LED Christmas lights, grasp the psychology of consumers to find the energy-saving products, setting off an environmental green wind. Similarly, producers of LED Christmas lights also need to be taken to ensure that the product through the testing and certification requirements of the target market, to prove that the product complies with the requirements of the applicable standards, to smooth export and attract the attention of consumers. Testing and certification usually more concerned about whether the product fairing can resist -35 ° C low temperature, whether the fairing plastic shell is too fragile, whether the sealed rectifier unit the internal adequacy is waterproof, the resistance is too high or the power too low, and whether they have good low-voltage light strings of power output overload protection as well as the housing meets outdoor requirements.

Tips for purchasing the decorative lamp

Quality products: If you choose to buy a real tree, make sure it is not dry, because the fresh tree is not easy to cause a fire risk. If you choose the artificial tree with lamps, you will need to purchase the product with certification mark and confirm whether the production has the fireproof materials. Replacement of obsolete products in a timely manner: make detailed examination every year to deal with the existing lamps, and replace those damaged power cord, broken lampholders or loose equipment in a timely manner. And pay attention to prevent the risk of electric shock, and to ensure that the new bulbs match the voltage and power relatively.

www.downlights-led.com

The company has passed the certifications of ISO9001:2008 Quality Management System, ROHS, CE and FCC. The "Super Heat Dissipation LED Bulb" received wide appraise of experts, scholars and officials of the industry on the "Communication Conference of LED Industry" held by Tsinghua University. The company has provided service for enterprises such as J1-LED, MrLed, Black&Decker and BYD.

This article is come from: http://www.mobilesaccessories.net/index.php/knowledge-about-decorative-led-lamps.htm